Directions (1-15): In the following questions, a part of the sentence (a word or a phrase) has been highlighted in bold. four different ways of writing the word or phrase has been given in the options (b), (c), (d) and (e). Find the correct replacement of the given bold word or phrase. If the given word or phrase is grammatically correct, then select option (a). Option (a) repeats the same word or phrase.
Q1. Carnivorous mammals can endure what would otherwise be lethal levels of body heat because they have a heat-exchange network which kept the brain from getting too hot.
(a) which kept
(b) that keeps
(c) which has kept
(d) that has been keeping
(e) having kept
Q2. The commission has directed advertisers to restrict the use of the word “natural” to foods that do not contain color or flavor additives, chemical preservatives, or nothing that has been synthesized.
(a) or nothing that has been
(b) or that has been
(c) and nothing that is
(d) or anything that has been
(e) and anything
Q3. The Iroquois were primarily planters, but supplementing their cultivation of maize, squash, and beans with fishing and hunting.
(a) but supplementing
(b) and had supplemented
(c) and even though they supplemented
(d) although they supplemented
(e) but with supplementing
Q4. As contrasted with the honeybee, the yellow jacket can sting repeatedly without dying and carries a potent venom that can cause intense pain.
(a) As contrasted with the honeybee
(b) In contrast to the honeybee’s
(c) Unlike the sting of the honeybee
(d) Unlike that of the honeybee
(e) Unlike the honeybee
Q5. None of the attempts to specify the causes of crime explains why most of the people exposed to the alleged causes do not commit crimes and, conversely, why so many of those not so exposed have.
(a) have
(b) has
(c) shall
(d) do
(e) could
Q6. The end of the eighteenth century saw the emergence of prize-stock breeding, with individual bulls and cows receiving awards, fetching unprecedented prices, and excited enormous interest whenever they were put on show.
(a) excited
(b) it excited
(c) exciting
(d) would excite
(e) it had excited
Q7. For members of the seventeenth-century Ashanti nation in Africa, animal-hide shields with wooden frames were essential items of military equipment, a method to protect warriors against enemy arrows and spears.
(a) a method to protect
(b) as a method protecting
(c) protecting
(d) as a protection of
(e) to protect
Q8. Scientists have recently discovered what could be the largest and oldest living organism on Earth, a giant fungus that is an interwoven filigree of mushrooms and rootlike tentacles spawned by a single fertilized spore some 10,000 years ago and extending for more than 30 acres in the soil of a Michigan forest.
(a) extending
(b) extends
(c) extended
(d) it extended
(e) is extending
Q9. Quasars, at billions of light-years from Earth the most distant observable objects in the universe, believed to be the cores of galaxies in an early stage of development.
(a) believed to be
(b) are believed to be
(c) some believe them to be
(d) some believe they are
(e) it is believed that they are
Q10. Five fledgling sea eagles left their nests in western Scotland this summer, bringing to 34 the number of wild birds successfully raised since transplants from Norway began in 1975.
(a) bringing
(b) and brings
(c) and it brings
(d) and it brought
(e) and brought
Q11. What is needed now is not mere declarations or promises, but actions-actions to fulfill the promises already made.
(a) promises were, already made
(b) already made promises
(c) promises that we make
(d) promises which already made
(e) no correction required
Q12. Despite considerable achievements in other areas, humans still cannot control weather and probably never be able to do so.
(a) probably not be able
(b) perhaps the never have ability
(c) probably will never be able
(d) probably never be enabled
(e) no correction required
Q13. The newly-wed couple was shocked when it was observed that many people who had been invited, missing.
(a) were invited
(b) had been invited were
(c) had invited were
(d) had been invited had been
(e) no correction required
Q14. The people should be right to protest, it should not be by upsetting the livelihood of others.
(a) should be righteous in protesting
(b) should have right to protest
(c) would be right in protest
(d) should have been right to protest
(e) no correction required
Q15. Because his work as a painter requires that he use products containing strong chemicals, he has developed skin allergy.
(a) required to use
(b) requires that he should use
(c) required that he uses
(d) requires that he uses
(e) no correction required
